Oncology
Liver cancer: diagnosis and choosing the right treatment
Primary liver cancer develops in the liver tissue. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major form, often associated with chronic liver disease, in particular cirrhosis or certain forms of viral hepatitis.
Written by the Polycrabat Sevamed team · Published on · Updated on
In brief
- Hepatocellular carcinoma often develops on chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, certain forms of viral hepatitis): people at risk may need surveillance defined by their doctor.
- Contrast-enhanced liver imaging (CT or MRI), sometimes a biopsy: the assessment evaluates the tumour, liver function and any spread.
- The choice of treatment depends as much on the condition of the liver as on the characteristics of the cancer, after multidisciplinary discussion.
Who may benefit from targeted surveillance?
People with cirrhosis or certain forms of chronic hepatitis B may need a surveillance programme defined by their doctor. The risk varies according to the cause and the condition of the liver; surveillance is not the same for everyone. Prevention also includes the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis when indicated.
Which options may be discussed?
Depending on the stage and the liver’s reserve, surgery, local ablation, catheter-based treatments, targeted radiotherapy or systemic treatments may be considered. Transplantation depends on specific criteria and specialised organisation.
Why does the condition of the liver matter as much as the tumour?
Treatment of the tumour must preserve, as far as possible, a liver that may already be weakened. Cirrhosis and limited liver reserve can rule out certain options that are nevertheless effective against the tumour; examination of the blood vessels and an essential multidisciplinary discussion therefore precede the decision.
Organising follow-up
After treatment, imaging and tests are scheduled to look for a response, a recurrence or side effects. Management of the hepatitis or cirrhosis continues in parallel.
Useful questions to ask
- Is liver surveillance indicated in my situation, and how often?
- Is the diagnosis based on imaging alone, or is a biopsy necessary?
- How does my liver condition (cirrhosis, hepatitis) guide or limit the options, and who will discuss my file?
Frequently asked questions
Does hepatitis B always lead to liver cancer?
No. The risk varies and can be reduced with appropriate care.
Is surgery the only treatment?
No. Several options exist depending on the tumour and the condition of the liver.
Which documents should you send for an opinion on liver cancer?
Contrast-enhanced liver imaging, CT or MRI, with the images, liver function tests, hepatitis B and C status, the biopsy report if there is one and the treatments already received.
This content provides general medical information. It does not replace a consultation or a personalised decision by your care team. In case of serious or sudden symptoms, contact the emergency services in your country or a doctor without delay.
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How is the diagnosis made?
A lesion found on ultrasound often leads to contrast-enhanced liver imaging, by CT or MRI depending on the context. In some situations, its characteristics and the underlying liver disease point strongly to the diagnosis; in other cases, a biopsy may be necessary. The assessment evaluates the tumour, liver function, other diseases and any spread.