Hepatology and gastroenterology
Hepatitis B and C: detecting the infection and protecting the liver
Hepatitis B and C are two distinct viral infections. They can persist for a long time without symptoms and cause chronic inflammation of the liver, cirrhosis or liver cancer. Their means of prevention and their treatments are not the same.
Written by the Polycrabat Sevamed team · Published on
In brief
- The tests distinguish past exposure, active infection and immunity, depending on the virus.
- Vaccination prevents hepatitis B; there is no vaccine against hepatitis C.
- Treatment and monitoring depend on the condition of the liver and on the virus.
Who should discuss testing?
Exposure to blood, an old transfusion in certain contexts, a family history, pregnancy or abnormal liver tests may lead to tests being offered. Indications are adapted to local recommendations. A person can have a chronic infection with only slightly abnormal liver tests.
How is the liver assessed?
The assessment evaluates inflammation, fibrosis and any complications. An ultrasound and non-invasive methods of assessing fibrosis can be useful. Some people need targeted surveillance for liver cancer. The frequency depends on the liver disease and on individual risk.
What treatments are possible?
Active hepatitis C can usually be treated with direct-acting antivirals after an assessment. For chronic hepatitis B, antiviral treatment is not systematic: the criteria include viral activity and the condition of the liver. The team explains the duration and follow-up. Medicines must not be started or stopped without specialist advice.
How can transmission be prevented?
Hepatitis B vaccination, safe injections and safe handling of equipment exposed to blood, and targeted testing of those close to the patient are important. Advice differs according to the virus and the personal situation; any stigmatisation must be avoided.
Useful questions to ask
- Is the virus currently present in the blood?
- How badly is the liver affected?
- Should those close to me be tested or vaccinated?
Frequently asked questions
Do positive hepatitis C antibodies always mean an active infection?
No. A test for the virus in the blood is needed to clarify this.
Does chronic hepatitis always cause symptoms?
No. That is precisely why testing makes it possible to detect it before certain complications.
This content provides general medical information. It does not replace a consultation or a personalised decision by your care team. In case of serious or sudden symptoms, contact the emergency services in your country or a doctor without delay.
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How should the results be read?
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