Gynaecology and oncology
Cervical cancer: from HPV screening to treatment
In most cases, cervical cancer is linked to a persistent infection with certain human papillomaviruses (HPV). Vaccination and screening can prevent many cases or detect lesions before they become invasive.
Written by the Polycrabat Sevamed team · Published on
In brief
- A positive HPV test does not mean that cancer is present.
- An abnormal screening result may require a colposcopy or a biopsy.
- The treatment depends on the stage and on the patient’s wishes and plans.
Who is screening for?
The test offered, the starting age and the interval depend on local recommendations and medical history. HPV vaccination does not automatically replace recommended screening. Bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause justifies a diagnostic consultation, even if the last screening was normal.
What does an abnormal result mean?
An abnormal HPV or cytology result indicates a risk or an abnormality that needs to be clarified, not necessarily cancer. The team may offer a repeat test, a colposcopy and, depending on the appearance, a biopsy. Only tissue analysis can characterise a suspicious lesion.
What assessment after a cancer diagnosis?
Gynaecological examination, pathology and imaging determine the extent of the disease. The treatment discussion takes into account the size and location of the tumour, the lymph nodes, the patient’s general health and her wishes. A multidisciplinary opinion is often necessary.
Which treatments may be discussed?
Depending on the stage, surgery, radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and, in some contexts, brachytherapy may be offered. A precancerous lesion calls for a different strategy. The possible effects on fertility, sexuality and urinary or bowel function must be explained.
Why is follow-up needed after treatment?
Consultations look for a recurrence and manage late effects. The patient should know which new symptoms to report. Follow-up arrangements are adapted to the treatment received.
Useful questions to ask
- Is this an abnormal test, a precancerous lesion or a confirmed cancer?
- Which tests are needed before the decision?
- What effects can the treatments have on fertility?
Frequently asked questions
Is a positive HPV test a diagnosis of cancer?
No. It guides monitoring and further tests.
Can I wait for the next screening if I have unusual bleeding?
No. A symptom must be assessed without waiting for the screening schedule.
This content provides general medical information. It does not replace a consultation or a personalised decision by your care team. In case of serious or sudden symptoms, contact the emergency services in your country or a doctor without delay.
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